منابع مشابه
They Might Be Giants: Does Syncytium Formation Sink or Spread HIV Infection?
While less appreciated than the ubiquitous process of cell fission (division), cell fusion events play crucial roles in all walks of life. In vertebrates, the multinucleated product of cell—cell fusion, referred to as a syncytium, is central to the structure and function of tissue types like skeletal muscle fibers and the fetal—maternal barrier in the placenta [1]. Syncytia have also been linke...
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Beginning with the earliest expeditions to the poles, over 100 years ago, scientists have compiled an impressive list of polar taxa whose body sizes are unusually large. This phenomenon has become known as 'polar gigantism'. In the intervening years, biologists have proposed a multitude of hypotheses to explain polar gigantism. These hypotheses run the gamut from invoking release from physical ...
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A recent study has shown that respiratory structures are disproportionately oversized in larger insects, and that oxygen supply to leg muscles may be physically constrained in the largest modern insects. High oxygen concentrations during the Carboniferous may have alleviated these physical constraints allowing the evolution of gigantic arthropods.
متن کاملCaveat emptor. "Probiotics" might not be what they seem.
OBJECTIVE To assess whether commercially prepared probiotic products contain viable organisms, as claimed by their manufacturers, particularly whether products labeled as containing Lactobacillus did so. To identify and quantify as many species as feasible and to compare them with the contents listed on labels. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind trial. SETTING Community hospital in Chilliwack,...
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Three classes of materials have been studied as potential blood substitutes: modified hemoglobin solutions, perfluorocarbon emulsions, and liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin. The first two have reached phase III clinical trials, while the third remains in the preclinical state of testing. Hemoglobin is a highly active molecule; hence, modification has been required to avoid potential deleterious ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1997
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/387126a0